Centrifugation is a crucial step impacting microparticle measurement

Correlation between platelet-derived microparticle enumeration by flow cytometry and phospholipid-dependent procoagulant activity in microparticles: the centrifugation step matters!

Limb bud colonization by somite-derived angioblasts is a crucial step for myoblast emigration.

We have combined the use of mouse genetic strains and the mouse-into-chicken chimera system to determine precisely the sequence of forelimb colonization by presomitic mesoderm (PSM)-derived myoblasts and angioblasts, and the possible role of this latter cell type in myoblast guidance. By creating a new Flk1/Pax3 double reporter mouse line, we have established the precise timetable for angioblas...

Avoid the hard problem: Employment of mental simulation for prediction is already a crucial step.

Barron and Klein (1) highlight the importance of a simulation-based account of planning ahead as a central mechanism to allow for basic cognitive properties. They relate this on a functional level to a detailed architecture of central circuits in the human midbrain. As a major contribution, they further compare these structures with functionally similar ones in the insect brain. They assume tha...

Protecting Children from Environmental Toxins Toxicity testing of pesticides and industrial chemicals is a crucial step

0199 Epidemics of overt toxicity following widespread environmental contamination from commercial toxins heralded the discovery of children’s enhanced vulnerability to lead, methyl mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and tobacco [1,2,3,4,5] (Box 1). Over the past three decades, researchers have found that remarkably low-level exposures to these toxins are linked with less overt symptoms ...

Akt1 Intramitochondrial Cycling Is a Crucial Step in the Redox Modulation of Cell Cycle Progression

Akt is a serine/threonine kinase involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism. Akt is differentially activated by growth factors and oxidative stress by sequential phosphorylation of Ser(473) by mTORC2 and Thr(308) by PDK1. On these bases, we investigated the mechanistic connection of H(2)O(2) yield, mitochondrial activation of Akt1 and cell cycle progression in NIH/3T3 cel...